Kraków — Old Town and Wawel Castle (UNESCO 1978)
Poland's royal capital until 1596, Kraków (~800,000 inhabitants) hosts one of Europe's best-preserved medieval old towns — INSCRIBED ON THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST IN 1978 (one of the world's first 12 UNESCO sites, first Polish site). Rynek Główny, the central square, measures 200×200m and is EUROPE'S LARGEST MEDIEVAL SQUARE, framed by the Sukiennice Cloth Hall (1555, craft market inside) and St Mary's Basilica (14th century, Veit Stoss altarpiece 1489, hejnał — hourly trumpet call from the tower, cut off abruptly in memory of the trumpeter killed by a Tatar arrow in 1241). Wawel Royal Castle (11th century, Polish kings' burial place, cathedral, Royal Treasury, Wawel Dragon — founding legend, fire-breathing statue below).
The hejnał mariacki (St Mary's trumpet call) is played every hour, day and night, from the top of the church tower — and ends abruptly, mid-phrase, in memory of the trumpeter said to have been killed by a Tatar arrow in the throat in 1241 while sounding the Mongol invasion alert. Polish national radio has broadcast the Kraków hejnał live every day at noon since 1927, making this melody one of Poland's most recognisable sound symbols. The Rynek square (200×200m) was laid out in 1257 under Magdeburg law, and survived WWII intact because Kraków was NOT destroyed by the Nazis (unlike Warsaw razed at 85 %).
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